Cisco Config Elements
=====================

Notes:
------
* Commands preceded with "$" imply that you should execute the command as
  a general user - not as root.
* Commands preceded with "#" imply that you should be working as root.
* Commands with more specific command lines (e.g. "rtr>" or "mysql>") 
  imply that you are executing commands on remote equipment, or within 
  another program.
* If a command line ends with "\" this indicates that the command continues
  on the next line and you should treat this as a single line.

Exercises Part I
================

0. Work in a group
------------------

For this exercise you need to work in groups. Assign one person to type on
the keyboard. There should be 4 people in group. For instance, members of 
Group 1 are those on pc1-pc4, Group 2 use pc5-pc8, Group 3 use pc9-12, etc…

If you are unsure of what group you are in refer to the Network Diagram on the 
classroom wiki by going to http://noc.ws.nsrc.org/ and clicking on the Network 
Diagram link.

1. Connect to your router
-------------------------

Log in to your vm/pc image and install Telnet:

	$ sudo apt-get install telnet

If it is already installed that is fine.

Now connect to the router in your group:

	$ telnet 10.10.N.254

	username: cisco
	password: cisco

Display information about your router

	routerN>enable				
        Password:					(default pw "cisco")
	RouterN#show run				(space to continue)
	RouterN#show int FastEthernet0/0
	RouterN#show ?					(lists all options)
	RouterN#exit					(log off router)


2. Configure your router to only use SSH
----------------------------------------

These steps will do the following:

	* Create an ssh key for your router
	* Create an encrypted password for the user cisco
	* Encrypt the enable password (cisco)
	* Turn off telnet (unencrypted) access to your router
	* Turn on SSH (version 2) access to your router

You need to work in groups of 4. Get together with the members of your router 
group and assign one person to enter commands. To start connect to one of the 
PCs in use by your group. From that PC image telnet to your router:

	$ telnet rtrN.ws.nsrc.org	(or "telnet 10.10.N.254")
	
	username: cisco
	password: cisco

	rtrN> enable						(en)
	password: cisco
	rtrN# configure terminal			(conf t)
	rtrN(config)# aaa new-model
	rtrN(config)# ip domain-name ws.nsrc.org
	rtrN(config)# crypto key generate rsa

	How many bits in the modulus [512]: 2048
	
Wait for the key to generate. You can now specify passwords and they will be 
encrypted. First let's remove our cisco user temporarily, then we'll recreate 
the user:

	rtrN(config)# no username cisco
	rtrN(config)# username cisco secret 0 <CLASS PASSWORD>

Now the cisco user's password (of <CLASS PASSWORD>) is encrypted. Next let's encrypt 
the enable password as well:

	rtrN(config)# enable secret 0 <CLASS PASSWORD>

Now we'll tell our router to only allow SSH connections on the 8 defined 
consoles (vty 0 through 7):

	rtrN(config)# line vty 0 8
	rtrN(config-line)# transport input ssh
	rtrN(config-line)# exit

This drops us out of the "line" configuration mode and back in to the general 
configuration mode. Now we'll tell the router to log SSH-related events and to 
only allow SSH version 2 connections:

	rtrN(config)# ip ssh logging events
	rtrN(config)# ip ssh version 2

Now exit from configuration mode:

	rtrN(config)# exit

And, write these changes to the routers permament configuration:

	rtrN# write memory				(wr mem)

Ok. That's it. You can no longer use telnet to connect to your router. You must 
connect using SSH with the user "cisco" and password <CLASS PASSWORD>. The enable password 
is, also, "cisco" - Naturally in a real-world situation you would use much more 
secure passwords.

Before you exit your Telnet session be sure to test ssh connectivity from another PC in your 
group (or, open another terminal window). Do this in case you made a mistake to avoid locking
yourself out of your router.

First, try connection again with telnet:

	$ telnet rtrN.ws.nsrc.org

What happens? You should see something like:

	Trying 10.10.N.254...
	telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused

Now try connecting with SSH:

	$ ssh cisco@rtrN.ws.nsrc.org

You should see something looks similar to this:

	The authenticity of host 'rtr2.ws.nsrc.org (10.10.2.254)' can't be 	
    established. RSA key fingerprint is 93:4c:eb:ad:5c:4a:a6:3e:8b:9e:
	4f:e4:e2:eb:e4:7f. Are you sure you want to continue connecting 
	(yes/no)? 

Enter in "yes" and press ENTER to continue...

Now you'll see the follwoing:

	Password: <CLASSS PASSWORD>
	rtrN>

Type "enable" to allow us to execute privileged commands:

	rtrN> enable
	Password: <CLASS PASSWORD>
	rtrN#

Now let's view the current router configuration:

	rtrN# show running					(sh run)

Press the space bar to continue. Note some of the entries like:

	enable secret 5 $1$p4/E$PnPk6VaF8QoZMhJx56oXs.
	.
	.
	.
	username cisco secret 5 $1$uNg1$M1yscHhYs..upaPP4p8gX1
	.
	.
	.
	line vty 0 7
	 exec-timeout 0 0
	 transport input ssh

You can see that both the enable password and the password for the user cisco 
have been encrypted. This is a good thing.

Now you should exit the router interface to complete this exercise:

	rtrN# exit
	
And, if you still have your older Telnet session in another window be sure to exit from 
that as well.

NOTES
-----

1.) If you are locked out of your router after this exercise let your
    instructor know and they can reset your router's configuration back to its
    original state.
2.) Please only do this exercise once. If multiple people do this exercise
    it's very likely that access to the router will be broken.
3.) During the week you will configure items such as SNMP, Netflow and more on
    your group's router. From now on you can simply connect to the router 
    directly from your laptop or desktop machine using SSH.